The average age that young people in Australia start smoking is around 16 years. Smoking is an addiction that causes or contributes to a wide range of diseases including cancers, heart disease and emphysema. The best protection against smoking-related illnesses is never to smoke in the first place.
However, children entering their teenage years are experimental, curious and vulnerable to peer pressure. Whether your child chooses to smoke regularly or not is influenced by a range of factors.
It is not always possible for parents to prevent their child from trying cigarettes, but the use of various strategies can reduce the likelihood of a child wanting to smoke and doing so regularly.
Why some children smoke
Some of the reasons why your child may try smoking cigarettes include:
- peer bonding and the desire to fit in with friends
- copying parents or older brothers or sisters who smoke
- the wish to assert their growing independence
- the desire to appear more grown up and sophisticated
- curiosity
- to imitate actors or models with appealing images in movies or magazines.
Be a good role model by not smoking
If you don’t want your child to smoke, it is important to set a good example by not smoking yourself. Research shows that children are less likely to smoke if their primary role models do not smoke.
If you have found quitting difficult and still smoke, share your experiences with your child. For example, tell them how demoralising it feels to be hooked on smoking when you don’t want to be, or how much money you wish you hadn’t wasted on cigarettes over the years. Let them see they can learn a valuable lesson from your mistake.
Ask your children for their support during your next quit attempt. If your child can witness how tough quitting cigarettes can be, they may want to steer clear of smoking completely.
Take a stand against smoking
Other suggestions to reinforce the non-smoking message include:
- Don’t permit anyone to smoke in your home.
- Don’t send your children to buy cigarettes for you or anyone else.
- Encourage sport and physical activity for all family members.
- Discuss the issue of smoking with your child when you see other people smoke.
- Don’t let your child light a cigarette for you or anyone else.
- If there are adult smokers in the house, make sure they keep their cigarettes where your child cannot access them.
Educate your child about smoking
Symptoms of many smoking-related illnesses tend to develop in middle or later life. Trying to explain the long-term risks of smoking to a child or teenager may not have much of an impact, as 20 or 30 years or more into the future is an unimaginable time to them. Mention these long-term risks, but try to emphasise the immediate risks to their health and wellbeing.
Suggestions of immediate risks include:
- reduced fitness levels
- nasty smelling breath
- stained teeth and fingers
- being unattractive to non-smoking peers
- wasting money that could be used for clothes, music or other items
- the difficulty of stopping smoking once symptoms of addiction to nicotine appear.
Many young people develop symptoms of addiction even if they don’t smoke every day, and for some, symptoms can develop within days to weeks of starting to smoke.
What to do if your child already smokes
If your child is already smoking, or if you suspect they may be, try to avoid angry confrontations. Threats and bullying rarely work. Instead, attempt a reasonable ‘adult-to-adult’ conversational tone.
Find out what they find appealing about cigarettes. For example, peer pressure is important. Don’t try to force your child to stop seeing their friends who smoke.
You could try expressing your disapproval about smoking, while allowing your child to indulge in other conformist behaviours such as buying the same style of clothes as their friends. Alternatively, help your child to question the value of always following the crowd. Use this as an opportunity to encourage your child to think and act independently.
If your child wants to stop smoking, but is finding it hard, help is available. Quitline Specialists know how to talk about smoking with young people and support them to quit.
Children aged 12 to 17 years may use a nicotine replacement therapy product to help them quit, but they should speak to their doctor about it first. It is strongly recommended that children in this age group discuss quitting with a trained health advisor if they want to use a nicotine replacement therapy product, so they can benefit from it.
Children and smoking
Smoking becomes more common as students progress through school. One in eighteen school students have tried smoking by age 12, and this rises to one in seven by age 14.
By the time they are 17 years old, around 40 per cent of school students have tried smoking and 12 per cent are ‘current smokers’ (defined as having smoked in the week before the survey).
Where to get help
Content Partner
This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:
Quit
Last updated:
June 2017
Content on this website is provided for education and information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not imply endorsement and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. Content has been prepared for Victorian residents and wider Australian audiences, and was accurate at the time of publication. Readers should note that, over time, currency and completeness of the information may change. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions.