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- Fertility and the reproductive system - female
Information about the female reproductive system, including topics like puberty, menstruation, menopause, infertility, breasts, fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, vulva and thrush.
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Information about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) an infection that affects the female reproductive system. Includes causes, symptoms, diagnosis, risks, treatment, prevention and where to get help.
- Ovulation pain
Ovulation pain is usually harmless, but can sometimes indicate various medical conditions such as endometriosis.
- Absent periods – amenorrhoea
Some women are more at risk of amenorrhoea (the absence of periods) because of emotional stress or changes in weight.
- The menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is complex and is controlled by many different glands and the hormones that these glands produce.
- Reproductive system
New life begins when a male sex cell (sperm) fertilises a female egg (ovum) within the female reproductive system.
- Menopause and osteoporosis
Regular weight-bearing exercise and maintaining a diet rich in calcium from childhood will help reduce bone loss at menopause.
- Retroverted uterus
Painful sex may be caused by a retroverted uterus.
- Period pain – dysmenorrhoea
Women of any age can experience painful periods and some women find periods are no longer painful after pregnancy and childbirth.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal condition associated with irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth, acne, reduced fertility, and increased risk of diabetes and mood changes.