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During fetal development, the diaphragm or abdominal wall may fail to properly fuse, allowing the abdominal organs to protrude.

Dwarfism refers to a group of conditions characterised by shorter than normal skeletal growth.

The facts about fragile X syndrome are complicated, and parents and family members are invited to ask their doctor to refer them to a genetics clinic.

A feature of Prader-Willi syndrome is the child's excessive appetite, which often leads to obesity.

Common birth defects of the urinary system include hypospadias, obstructive defects of the renal pelvis and renal agenesis.

Treacher Collins syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects growth and development of the head, causing facial defects and hearing loss.

Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that usually includes heart abnormalities and characteristic facial features.

Folate can prevent up to 70 per cent of spina bifida cases if taken daily for one month before conception and during the first three months of pregnancy.

Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder that can cause anaemia or death if not treated.

Around 95 per cent of babies born with developmental dysplasia of the hip can be successfully treated.