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Both reducible and non-reducible hernias need to be surgically repaired - this is a common operation.

During fetal development, the diaphragm or abdominal wall may fail to properly fuse, allowing the abdominal organs to protrude.

Food inside the stomach is only kept there by the force of gravity so to avoid heartburn, don't lie down after a big meal.

Most cases of constipation are treated by eating a diet high in fibre, drinking more fluids, and exercising daily.

A laminectomy is a surgical incision into the vertebra to obtain access to the spinal cord.

Undescended testicles means that one or both testicles are missing from the scrotum.

A handful of non-urgent planned surgical procedures (also known as elective surgery) have been found to have limited benefits, except in very specific circumstances.

Most disc problems resolve without specific treatment.

Williams syndrome often goes undiagnosed, which means that some people with the disorder fail to get the support and treatment they need until later in life.

Most cases of sciatica resolve by themselves within six weeks to three months.