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Problems only occur if a woman becomes infected with parasites that cause toxoplasmosis for the first time while pregnant.

Travellers who visit malarial locations should avoid mosquito bites and take anti-malarial drugs.

Fleas are parasites that feed off the blood of humans and animals, and can spread infection.

Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been associated with child care centres, public swimming pools and contaminated water supplies.

Amoebiasis can cause diarrhoea among travellers to developing countries.

Any conditions that cause a rapid breakdown of blood cells can place great strain on the spleen and make it enlarge.

Despite the unsavoury reputation, a pinworm infection (worms) is relatively harmless and easily treated.

Most people infected with Giardia parasites do not develop symptoms but can still spread the infection to others.

Cysts may be as small as a blister or large enough to hold litres of fluid.

The most common travel-related illnesses are gastrointestinal diseases from poorly prepared foods or untreated water.