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Summary

The Pap test is our best protection against cervical cancer. However studies suggest that women with sensory, physical, intellectual or psychiatric disabilities are less likely to have regular two-yearly Pap tests than other women in the community.

Australian and overseas studies suggest that women with sensory, physical, intellectual or psychiatric disabilities are less likely to have regular Pap tests than other women. They may experience a range of barriers in accessing cervical screening services. The Pap test is a quick and simple test used to check for changes to the cells of the cervix that may lead to cervical cancer. It is a woman’s best protection against cervical cancer.

The National Cervical Screening Program recommends that all women between the ages of 18 and 70 years who have ever been sexually active should have a Pap test every two years.

Barriers to Pap testing for women with disabilities


Women with disabilities may experience a number of barriers in accessing cervical screening services. Some of these barriers include:
  • Lack of clear, accessible information
  • Difficulties with transport and access to buildings
  • Lack of money, particularly when living in areas with few or no bulk-billing services
  • Pain when undergoing the Pap test – for example, some women with cerebral palsy experience severe pain caused by muscular spasms
  • Difficulties finding a suitable doctor or nurse Pap test provider – for example, a hearing-impaired woman may not be able to find a doctor or nurse Pap test provider who can communicate using sign language
  • Demands of coping with the disability, which may mean that little time or thought can be devoted to other health matters, such as Pap tests
  • Previous experience – a woman who has had a negative experience with medical staff in the past may be reluctant to have a Pap test
  • Reliance on a carer or attendant to attend tests
  • Lack of emotional support from partner, family and friends.

Attitudes of healthcare professionals to women with disabilities


Some women with disabilities also find the attitudes of some health professionals a barrier. Issues may include:
  • An ill-informed assumption that women with disabilities are not sexually active and don’t need Pap tests
  • Health professionals who have difficulty in meeting the needs of women with disabilities
  • Lack of information on general health matters (such as regular Pap tests) for women in institutions
  • Healthcare professionals who focus on treating the disability, but neglect to discuss other healthcare matters.

Suggestions for overcoming barriers


Suggestions include:
  • Ring around the various medical and community health services to find one that is appropriate for you.
  • Tell the receptionist about the nature of your disability, so that you can discuss your support needs in advance of your appointment. For example, you may need to book a longer consultation time.
  • Ask if there is an outreach or home visit service.
  • Visit the PapScreen Victoria website to search for an appropriate service provider. You can search for a provider based on disability access including ramped entry and disabled parking.
  • Take a family member or friend to your appointment.
  • Discuss your concerns with your healthcare professional and tell them how they can provide a better service for you.
  • Tell your doctor what position is most comfortable for you when you have a Pap test. Pap tests are usually taken with the woman lying on her back, but let your doctor or health professional know if being on your side is more comfortable for you.
  • Ask the service for appointment reminders.
  • Ask for a Sign interpreter if you need one. They are available from Vicdeaf on 1800 287 526 (voice) or (03) 9473 1143 (TTY), but need to be booked well in advance. Online information is also available through the Vicdeaf website.

Breast screening


Evidence suggests that women with sensory, physical, intellectual or psychiatric disabilities are also less likely to receive breast screening. One American study found that disability was a key factor for lack of breast screening and Pap tests among Medicare patients.

Where to get help

Things to remember

  • The National Cervical Screening Program recommends that all women between the ages of 18 and 70 years who have ever been sexually active should have a Pap test every two years.
  • Australian and overseas studies suggest that women with sensory, physical, intellectual or psychiatric disabilities are less likely to have regular two-yearly Pap tests.
  • Some of the barriers experienced by women with disabilities in accessing cervical screening services include lack of information, transport and access difficulties, and negative experiences with healthcare professionals.
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This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

PapScreen Victoria

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PapScreen Victoria

Last reviewed: May 2011

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The Pap test is our best protection against cervical cancer. However studies suggest that women with sensory, physical, intellectual or psychiatric disabilities are less likely to have regular two-yearly Pap tests than other women in the community.

Content on this website is provided for education and information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not imply endorsement and is not intended to replace advice from your qualified health professional. Content has been prepared for Victorian residence and wider Australian audiences, and was accurate at the time of publication. Readers should note that over time currency and completeness of the information may change. All users are urged to always seek advice from a qualified health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions.

For the latest updates and more information, visit www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au

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