Diaphragms and cervical caps are barrier methods of contraception. They fit inside the vagina and cover the cervix (entrance to the womb) to prevent sperm from fertilising an ovum (egg).
Other barrier methods include the use of male and female condoms.
Diaphragms
The diaphragm is a soft, shallow rubber dome with a flexible rim that fits inside the vagina and covers the cervix. It stops sperm from entering the uterus (womb) and coming in contact with an egg. Diaphragms are fitted by a GP or through a visit to a reproductive health clinic.
The diaphragm can be put in at any time before sex and is held in position by the vaginal muscles. It must stay in place for at least six hours after intercourse so any sperm remaining in the vagina are killed by the normal secretions of the vagina.
Diaphragms are 85–95 per cent effective if they are fitted, positioned and used correctly. Women should see their doctor or visit a reproductive health clinic for their first fitting and for a refit when:
- The diaphragm has passed its use-by date
- They’ve had a baby
- They gain or lose 5kg or more
- It feels uncomfortable.
Advantages:
- A diaphragm does not interfere with a woman’s menstrual cycle.
- It can be inserted ahead of time, allowing for spontaneity of intercourse.
- It can be used during menstruation.
- It can be washed and reused and lasts for one to two years.
Disadvantages:
- Some women find it difficult to insert or don’t like to insert a diaphragm.
- It can be uncomfortable if the wrong size is used.
- There is a rare possibility of an allergy to rubber.
- There may be an increase in the risk of urinary tract infections.
- Although the diaphragm is a barrier method of contraception, the degree of protection against sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is unknown.
Cervical caps
The cervical cap is a small, soft rubber cap with a flexible rim that fits over the cervix and prevents sperm coming in contact with an egg. It is smaller than a diaphragm and is kept in place by suction. Different types and sizes are available. The same guidelines for use and fitting as diaphragms apply.
Cervical caps are as effective as diaphragms in preventing pregnancy when used and fitted correctly. However, the cap is more difficult to use than the diaphragm and many Australian women prefer to use diaphragms. Caps cannot be purchased in Australia and there are few practitioners with the skills to fit them.
Advantage:
- Cervical caps are suitable for women with poor pelvic muscle tone.
- They do not interfere with a woman’s menstrual cycle.
- They can be inserted ahead of time, allowing for spontaneity of intercourse.
Disadvantages:
- Insertion and removal can be more difficult than for a diaphragm.
- Although the cervical cap is a barrier method of contraception, the degree of protection against sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is unknown.
Use of spermicides
Use of spermicidal gel is recommended when using a diaphragm or cervical cap, although there is only limited evidence that this increases the effectiveness of the method. If you are uncertain, discuss the issue with your health care practitioner.
Other types of contraception
There are a number of contraception choices available in Australia. Consult with your doctor, reproductive health nurse or reproductive health provider such as Family Planning Victoria about your options. The method of contraception you choose will depend on your general health, lifestyle and relationship. It is important to weigh up the benefits and possible negative effects of each method and think about your current and future needs.
Protect against STIs
It is important to practice safe sex as well as protect yourself against pregnancy. The best way to reduce the risk of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is to use barrier protection such as male and female condoms and dams (a thin piece of latex placed over the anal or vulval area during oral sex). Condoms can be used for oral, vaginal and anal sex (in conjunction with other contraceptive methods where required) to help prevent the spread of infections.
Where to get help
- Your doctor
- Family Planning Victoria Tel. 1800 013 952 or (03) 9257 0100
- Family Planning Victoria’s Action Centre (for young people under 25) Tel. (03) 9654 4766 or 1800 013 952
- RWH Women’s Health Information Centre Tel. (03) 9344 2007
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Tel. (03) 9341 6200 or 1800 032 017 or TTY (for the hearing impaired) (03) 9347 8619
- Community health centre
- Reproductive specialist
- Pharmacist
Things to remember
- Diaphragms and cervical caps act as barriers to conception.
- Other barrier methods include male and female condoms and sterilisation.
- Different methods may suit you at different times in your life.
- Condoms provide the best available protection against sexually transmissible infections (STIs).
You might also be interested in:
Contraception - choices explained.
Contraception - condoms for men.
Contraception - condoms for women.
Contraception - emergency contraception.
Contraception - female sterilisation.
Contraception - implants and injections.
Contraception - injections for men.
Contraception - intrauterine devices.
Contraception - the Billings method.
Contraception - the pill.
Contraception - vasectomy.
Contraception ... all about.
Safe sex.
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