Once food is chewed and swallowed, it is pushed by muscular waves down the oesophagus and through a sphincter (or muscle ring) into the stomach. Sometimes, even in healthy individuals, the contents of the stomach squeeze up through the sphincter and back into the oesophagus. This is called 'reflux' and feels like a burning sensation behind the breastbone.
Overindulgence is often to blame
Occasional heartburn can be caused by:
- Eating a large meal
- Eating a large meal and then doing some kind of physical activity, like lifting or bending
- Too much coffee or alcohol
- Anxiety, which can make the stomach 'churn'
- Advanced pregnancy, when the womb pushes up against the stomach.
Simple treatment
The oesophagus uses muscular contractions (called 'peristalsis') to squeeze swallowed food down into the stomach. However, food inside the stomach is only kept there by the force of gravity, so don't lie down after a big meal. Usually, taking an antacid and waiting is all the treatment needed for heartburn in healthy people.
Heartburn in overweight people
Cases of persistent heartburn are usually caused by obesity. The extra fat inside the abdominal wall reduces the amount of room for the stomach and small intestines. Any extra pressure on the stomach, such as stooping, forces the stomach contents up into the oesophagus.
Complications of constant heartburn
Some of the side effects of obesity and constant heartburn include:
- A hiatus hernia, where part of the stomach is pushed up through the diaphragm and stays there.
- Oesophagitis - inflammation of the oesophagus from the digestive acids.
Risk reduction
An overweight person can reduce their risks by:
- Losing weight
- Trying not to increase abdominal pressure through bending or lifting
- Raising the head of their bed to avoid reflux while sleeping
- Seeking advice from their doctor.
Where to get help
- Your doctor
- Your pharmacist
Things to remember
- Heartburn is caused by stomach contents backing up into the oesophagus.
- Eating a large meal or drinking too much coffee or alcohol are common causes.
- Overweight people with constant heartburn can have complications.
You might also be interested in:
Barrett's oesophagus.
Chest pain.
Digestive system.
Stomach ulcer.
Want to know more?
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